Pazeh language Totally Explained

Everything about Pazeh Language totally explained

Pazeh (Pazih) is the language of the Pazeh, a tribe of indigenous people on Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian languages language family. As there's only one speaker, the language is moribund.

Phonology

Consonants>

	Labial	Coronal¹	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n		ŋ
Stop	p b	t d		k g³	(ʔ)²
Fricative		s z⁴		x	h⁵
Rhotic		ɾ
Approximant		l	j	w

/t/ and /d/ don't actually share the same place of articulation; /d/ is alveolar or prealveolar and /t/ (as well as /n/) is interdental. Other coronal consonants tend to be prealveolar or post-dental.
The distribution for the glottal stop is allophonic, appearing only between like vowels, before initial vowels, and after final vowels. It is also largely absent in normal speech
/g/ is spirantized intervocalically
/z/ is actually an alveolar/prealveolar affricate [dz] and only occurs as a syllable onset.
/h/ varies between glottal and pharyngeal realizations ([ħ]) and is sometimes difficult to distinguish from /x/

While Pazeh contrasts voiced and voiceless obstruents, this contrast is neutralized in final position for labial and velar plosives, where only /p/ and /k/ occur respectively (/d/ is also de-voiced but a contrast is maintained). /l/ and /n/ are also neutralized to the latter. Voiceless plosives are unreleased in final position. Vowels>

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	(ɛ)	ə	(o)
Open		a

Mid vowels ([ɛ] and [o]) are allophones of close vowels (/i/ and /u/ respectively).

Both lower when adjacent to /h/.

/u/ lowers before /ŋ/. [u] and [o] are in free variation before /ɾ/

Reduplicated morphemes carry the phonetic vowel even when the reduplicated vowel isn't in the phonological context for lowering.

/mutapitapih/ → [mu.ta.pɛ.taˈpɛh] ('keep clapping').

/a/ is somewhat advanced and raised when adjacent to /i/. Prevocally, high vowels are semivocalized. Most coronal consonants block this, although it still occurs after /s/. Semivowels also appear post-vocally.

Phonotactics

The most common morpheme structure is CVCVC where C is any consonant and V is any vowel. Consonant clusters are rare and consist only of a nasal plus a homorganic obstruent or the glide element of a diphthong.
intervocalic voiceless stops are voiced before a morpheme boundary (but not following one) . Stress falls on the ultimate syllable.

Morphology

Pazeh makes ready use of affixes, infixes, suffixes, and circumfixes, as well as reduplication. Pazeh also has "focus-marking" in its verbal morphology. In addition, verbs can be either stative or dynamic.

Further Information

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